一个一个O2019 Part 3 – Getting outside, Rebound and Barriers to Myopia Management

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研究摘要摘要

欢迎参加2019年美国验光学会会议上的近视内容的最后一部分。这些更新从第2部分继续,详细介绍了Mark Bullimore和Noel Brennan的精彩会议,标题为Twelve Evidence Based Things That We Should Know About Myopia.This update then concludes with barriers to clinical implementation of myopia management, presented by Manbir Nagra. Links to Part 1 and Part 2 are at the end of this blog.

一个xial length is the metric of choice for assessing efficacy

与轴向长度的增加存在明显的疾病关联。95%的一致性限制+/- 0.02mm对应于0.05d,这意味着轴向长度测量比折射更可靠且可重复作为近视进展的量度。当涉及到阿托品或正差治疗时,至少在学术意义上,由于每个人对折射的影响而言,评估折射变得更加困难。尽管对脉络膜厚度的测量进行了研究和讨论,但脉络膜变异似乎相对于近视进展相关的轴向长度变化的增量而言很小。

More time spent outdoors is a great idea

It definitely delays myopia onset, but evidence for slowing progression is limited. We don't know whether outdoor effect is due to light, i.e. bluer or brighter, or the different dioptric visual environment when outdoors, where much of the visual field is distant and hence creating minimal dioptric demand compared to an indoor environment.Ian Flitcroft’s paper讨论了,如果您尚未阅读它,这是一篇很棒的论文,在室外时,在室外时显示了大量的近视散焦,而室内的大量远视散焦则显示。当灯光明亮时,视觉系统在光学“消息”中收到更多细节,即,在视网膜上收到的图像中有更多细节。因此,我们不知道为什么,但是户外时间是一个好主意,而不仅仅是为了眼睛健康,因为它也带来了其他健康益处。

反弹是一个真正的所有治疗的可能性

Rebound effects from the abrupt discontinuation of atropine is well known, and in fact led to the favouring of lower concentrations which show less rebound. But what about other treatments?Pauline Cho’s orthokeratology studies已经发现,在14岁以下的儿童中停止了Orthok镜头磨损的7个月以内,有一些反弹。我的评论:作者描述了这一结果不是“真”反弹不同儿童的进展 - 没有任何更快地表明治疗丧失的速度,他们只是开始与穿着非佩戴儿童相同的进展。研究小组的回家信息是,如果出于任何原因停止治疗,并准备重新启动治疗方法,那么如果近视进展明显,请密切关注儿童。

Barriers to clinical myopia control

来自英格兰的学术验光师曼比尔·纳格拉(Manbir Nagra)博士在实践近视控制的从业者的障碍上发表了讲话,并开始谈论她如何发现轴向长度增加1毫米的轴向长度相当于近视的-3d,这是令人难以置信的。原因是1mm如此小,但即使很小,它也会对个人的终生眼健康产生不可思议的影响。眼睛不仅伸长,还增加了高度和整体形状。这不仅是二维毫米,而且是全球数量的增加。这凸显了在眼睛仍在增长时需要提早采取行动的必要性。

There are lots of stakeholders in myopia control, and it’s important to consider 'interest vs influence’ for these stakeholders. A practitioner might be willing to undertake myopia control, but if there is no buy-in from the practice owner then their ability to provide myopia control is limited. Research has shown the importance of the grassroots practitioner too, though, in putting centralized directives from larger groups into practice on the front line.

世界各地的实践范围差异很大 - 欧洲大部分地区都受到治疗药物的限制,在欧洲的某些地区,验光师不允许在法律上允许管理幼儿或独立评估眼睛健康。这影响了如何将研究应用于初级眼保健实践。

当谈到父母对近视控制的看法时,McCrann et al 2018found 14% of parents thought myopia to be a cosmetic inconvenience only. For those that recognised the eye health concern of myopia, despite intending to make changes to visual environment to help reduce myopia progression, only a small measurable difference was actually seen.

在中国,Zhou等人2017表明积极的父母干预对治疗结果有了更明显的影响。直升机近视父母很有帮助!曼比尔(Manbir)的结束总结是,如果我们要有效地管理近视发展,则需要有多个利益相关者加入船上。我的解释 - 我们所有人都需要继续尽自己的一份力量来帮助扩大抵抗力!

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Dr Paul Giffordis a research scientist and industry innovator based in Brisbane, Australia, and co-founder of Myopia Profile.

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