纸标题:与近视相关参数的生长曲线,以临床监测中国学童的折射率发展
作者:pablo Sanz Diez(1,5), Li-Hua Yang(2), Mei-Xia Lu(3,4), Siegried Wahl(1,5), Arne Ohlendorf(1,5)
Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH,技术与创新,Turnstraße27,73430 Aalen,德国
Wuhan Center for Adolescent Poor Vision Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015, China
Wuhan Commission of Experts for the Prevention and Control of Adolescent Poor Vision, Wuhan 430015, China
华盛科技大学汤吉医学院公共卫生学院流行病学与统计系,武汉430030,中国
Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
Date:2019年3月
Reference:Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol。2019; 257:1045-1053 [链接到开放访问纸]
Summary
童年时期的折射率是由多个因素决定的,包括父母近视以及每天在户外花费多少时间。眼睛的形状和大小随着这些因素的响应而不断变化,轴向长度随着近视的增加而受到影响最大的轴向长度。
这项纵向研究试图根据轴向长度曲线来预测中国儿童的近视发育模型。作者收集了来自12,780名儿童的数据,并能够显示出轴向长度伸长的增长趋势,这与75%的6岁和15岁儿童之间的近视增加一致。作者发现,在第一个四分位数以上的所有百分位数中,轴向长度随着年龄的增长而增加,已经在6岁的孩子中进步,并在高达15岁的人中继续进步。
They authors concluded that the information gathered from study could be used to predict a likely progression of axial length for school-age Chinese children.
临床相关性
- 百分位数growth charts are useful to show patients and their parents where a child currently sits on a growth curve and how this can be used to predict future likelihood or level of myopia without any intervention to limit myopic progress.
- 从业者需要注意成长曲线是基于平均值的,并且单个孩子可能无法完美地遵循其百年组。
- 年龄似乎是近视发展的大危险因素,在同一年龄的男孩中,AL的大跳跃,关键年龄为6至7岁,在快速进展中发生,并且在其他研究中也发现了。
- 在对欧洲儿童和成人的研究中,El(1)的Tideman发现,近视儿童的轴向长度比远视儿童的轴向长度更大。
- Further support can be found from the Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction (NICER) study by Breslin et al (2)
- 这项研究是在中国进行的,与许多欧洲国家相比,近视的患病率较高,并将其发现与Tideman等人(1)的欧洲队列研究中的研究结果进行了比较:
- 轴向长度的6年龄在6yrs百分位数相似。
- 到9岁和15岁的中国儿童的年龄高于同等年龄的欧洲儿童。
- 两项研究之间进行的这些比较表明,在使用百分位图表以确定未来近视进展的潜力时,需要考虑种族。
- To achieve maximum effect some children may benefit from having their myopia managed at an earlier stage if their percentile curve indicates likelihood of eye growth is most apparent.
局限性和未来研究
- 近视进步有许多变量,包括父母近视和在室外和室内度过的时间之间的个人变化,以及在诸如阅读之类的近距离任务上花费的时间。从这项研究中建立的轴向长度生长曲线并未考虑到这些因素,因此只能用来阐明预期的未来进展为平均水平。
- 为了提高准确性,这可能意味着可能需要建立单独的生长曲线,以考虑潜在的影响因素。
- 人口中近视患病率的差异可能表明百分位图表在人群之间不可互换,从而导致需要在不同地理区域开发不同百分位图表。
完整的故事
目的
这项研究的目的是提供一种预测肌pia development based on percentile growth curves of axial length.
Study design
This was a longitudinal study which gathered武汉青少年视力预防和控制中心的12,780名儿童的轴向长度和角膜曲率的信息,目的是建立生长曲线以反映轴向长度的生长和年龄。将队列分为两组,并在所有受试者上测量轴向长度,球形折射率(SER)和角膜曲率(CR)。
第一组由12,554名带有数据的儿童组成,用于构建百分位曲线。其余226名儿童的数据用于验证生长曲线模型并测试其可预测性。
测量程序
使用HAAG StREIT非侵入性生物计测量Al和Cr,并用于计算Al/Cr。使用TopCon自动折磨器测量环半型SER。如果Ser为-0.50d或更强,则将折射归类为近视,如果折射率在-0.50d和 +0.50d之间,如果它为 +0.50d或更高,则将其分类为近视。从数据中计算出百分位曲线,并将其分组为2nd,,,,5Th,10Th,25Th,50Th,,,,75Th,,,,90Th,,,,95Thand 98Thpercentiles.
结果
参与者的人群
分为性别群体后,发现女孩的平均年龄为9.99,而SER为-0.93d。男孩的平均年龄为9.90,SER为-0.88d。整个小组的平均SER为-0.91d。女孩的平均SER为5年时为 +1.53d,到10岁时达到-1.47d,在16岁时达到-2.72d。男孩的平均SER为5年时为 +1.18d,达到-1.29d乘10岁,-2.68d在16岁时达到-2.68d。
折射
prevalence of refraction distribution is shown in the table below.
| 年龄 | Hyperopia | 近视 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls | 男孩们 | 结合 | Girls | 男孩们 | 结合 | |
| 5年 | 82.67 | 70.53 | 76.6 | 4.0 | 6.32 | 5.16 |
| 6年 | 60.97 | 58.8 | 59.89 | 12.63 | 17.2 | 14.92 |
| 7年 | 43.88 | 41.86 | 42.87 | 26.37 | 26.95 | 26.66 |
| 8yrs | 20.55 | 21.72 | 21.14 | 56.56 | 54.56 | 55.56 |
prevalence of hyperopia at age 5yrs was above 70% (80.76% for girls and 70.53% for boys) and below 10% for myopia. As age increased the balance of the refractive errors reversed so that by age 8yrs 56.56% of girls and 54.56% of boys were myopic compared to 20.55% of girls and 21.72% of boys being hyperopic. By age 11yrs prevalence of myopic increased further to 80% combined and further still to 87.93% of girls and 93.44% of boys being myopic at age 16yrs.For girls aged 6, the prevalence of myopia jumps from 12.63% to 26.37% at 7yrs old. For boys aged 6yrs, the prevalence of myopia increased from 17.20% to 26.95% at age 7yrs old.
轴向长度
从6岁到15岁,轴向长度的第50个百分位数从6岁时的22.54毫米增加到15岁时的24.37毫米,从6岁时的22.99毫米增加到男孩15岁时的25.01毫米。
For the same age range, the 95th percentile showed an increase from 23.85mm at age 6yrs to 26.77mm at age 15yrs for girls and an increase from 24.47mm at age 6yrs to 27.28mm at age 15yrs for boys.
Measurements from the second group, when applied to the developed centile charts, confirmed that girls who were classified as having high myopia by the third visit were within the first quartile at age 9yrs or older at their first visit, and that for boys high myopia had developed in most of the children where AL was within or above the 25Th以前的访问中的百分位数。
相比European data
Diez等人将其轴向长度的结果与Tideman等人(1)在对同一年龄范围的欧洲儿童检查中发现的结果进行了比较:
| 年龄 | 百分位数 | 女性 | 男性 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 欧洲(1) | Chinese | 欧洲(1) | Chinese | ||
| 6年 | 25 | 21.66 | 22.03 | 22.14 | 22.55 |
| 50 | 22.06 | 22.54 | 22.59 | 22.99 | |
| 75 | 22.49 | 23.04 | 23.01 | 23.50 | |
| 9 yrs | 25 | 22.33 | 23.16 | 22.83 | 23.7 |
| 50 | 22.79 | 23.72 | 23.31 | 24.32 | |
| 75 | 23.25 | 24.31 | 23.79 | 24.89 | |
| 15年 | 25 | 22.68 | 23.83 | 23.17 | 24.39 |
| 50 | 23.15 | 24.37 | 23.65 | 25.01 | |
| 75 | 23.65 | 25.2 | 24.21 | 25.8 | |
This table taken from the study by Diez et al shows a direct comparison for the difference in ethnicity for the axial length finding between the Chinese and European children.
With the 50Th百分位数,对6岁年龄段的年龄较小的儿童的结果相似,但与15岁年龄差异更大的欧洲儿童相比,中国人中的9岁差异更高。在50上Th百年,与AL 22.06毫米和男孩22.59毫米的欧洲女孩相比,6岁的中国女孩有22.54毫米,男孩22.99毫米,男孩22.99毫米。到15岁时,中国女孩的增长到24.37毫米,而欧洲女孩为23.15毫米,中国男孩为25.01毫米,而欧洲男孩为23.65毫米。尽管中国和欧洲儿童的性别差异很小,但两者的年龄有更多的差异,导致人们的建议是,轴向增加比年龄依赖性更大。
结论
轴向长度是增加儿童近视的预测因素。使用基于轴向长度的百分位增长曲线可以帮助实际上监测孩子的眼睛生长,并认识到该增长是否在其年龄的预期范围内。这使从业人员可以确定哪些儿童的伸长率过高,并且在没有管理干预的情况下,对最终屈光不确定的估计可能是什么。
从这项研究开发的百分位曲线可以用作一种可靠的方法来了解中国人口中学龄和青春期儿童的生长模式,并表明与亚洲儿童相比,中国人的轴向长度预计将更高。
Abstract
标题:与近视相关参数的生长曲线,以临床监测中国学童的折射率发展
目的:基于中国中部武汉(Wuhan)的学龄儿童的轴向长度的百分位曲线的创建,为近视发展预测临床模型。
Methods:Data of 12,554 children (6054 girls and 6500 boys) were collected and analyzed for the generation of the axial length growth curves. A second data set with 226 children and three yearly successive measurements was used to verify the predictive power of the axial length growth percentile curves. Percentile curves were calculated for both gender groups and four age groups (6, 9, 12, and 15 years). The second data set was used to verify the efficacy of identifying the refractive error of the children using the axial length curves, based on their spherical refractive error from the third visit.
结果:从6岁到15岁,所有百分位数均显示出轴向长度的增长趋势,除了低于第一个四分位数的百分位数,在12岁以后似乎稳定了(-0.10; 95%CI,-0.36-0.16; 95%; 95%;p = 0.23 for girls; − 0.16; 95%CI, − 0.70–0.39;p = 0.34 for boys); however, the growth continued for the remaining 75% of cases. The second data set showed that the likelihood of suffering high myopia (spherical refractive error ≤− 5.00D) during adolescent years increased when axial length values were above the first quartile, for both genders.
Conclusion:The data from the current study provide a tool to observe the annual growth rates of axial length and can be considered as an approach to predict the refractive development at school ages.
关于Ailsa
AILSA LANE是位于英格兰肯特的隐形眼镜眼镜师。她目前正在以荣誉完成她的高级隐形眼镜实践文凭,这引发了她在理解科学研究并找到其对临床实践的翻译方面的兴趣和技能。
关于paul
Dr Paul Giffordis a research scientist and industry innovator based in Brisbane, Australia, and co-founder of Myopia Profile.
References
- Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Vingerling JR, Jaddoe VWV, Williams C, Guggenheim JA, Klaver CCW. Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children.Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:301-9 (link)
- Breslin KM,O’Donoghue L&Saunders KJ。北爱尔兰学童中球形折射率和眼部成分的前瞻性研究(良好的研究)。投资Ophthalmol Vis Sci。2013; 54:4843-50(link)






